Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma is a sight-threatening ocular condition characterized by a rapid and significant increase in intraocular pressure.
Under normal conditions, the anterior chamber angle is approximately 40 degrees, facilitating the drainage of aqueous humor and maintaining stable intraocular pressure. In acute angle-closure glaucoma, the angle narrows (typically less than 20 degrees), causing the iris to obstruct the trabecular meshwork, thereby blocking aqueous humor outflow.
This obstruction results in a sudden rise in intraocular pressure, which can cause irreversible optic nerve damage, leading to optic neuropathy, optic disc cupping, and permanent visual field loss.
Treatment
YAG laser iridotomy is a preventive procedure for acute angle-closure glaucoma in high-risk patients with narrow anterior chamber angles.
The treatment involves creating a small hole in the iris to facilitate the outflow of aqueous humor, preventing angle closure and reducing the risk of a dangerous rise in intraocular pressure. In untreated high-risk individuals, the likelihood of an acute glaucoma attack within five years can be as high as 20%.
Treatment Process
YAG Laser Iridotomy is a quick, outpatient procedure typically taking only a few minutes. Prior to treatment, pupil-constricting and local anesthetic drops are administered. Using a specialized lens, the laser creates a small opening in the iris to improve aqueous humor drainage. Most patients experience minimal discomfort, with vision typically restored within 30 minutes to 1 hour. Normal activities can usually be resumed the same day.
Treatment Risks
Post-procedure, mild inflammation or temporary intraocular pressure elevation may occur. Anti-inflammatory eye drops are prescribed to manage these effects. Rarely, patients may experience transient blurry vision or vascular changes, which resolve within 1-2 days. In very rare cases, glare may result from the additional iris opening.